国内复发性口腔溃疡治疗的循证医学分析

目的 分析国内近5年复发性口腔溃疡药物治疗的疗效情况及研究质量。方法 检索中国期刊网全文数据库和中国生物医学数据库，收集发表时间在1999-2003年治疗复发性口腔溃疡疗效观察的中文文献，对符合标准的文献进行META分析和循证医学分析。结果 共检索到281篇文章，符合纳入标准的有18篇，治疗方法共13种，对其中的3篇进行META分析，证明碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组与口服维生索B、C对照组具有显著差异，其95％的可信区间为0．432-0．656。结论 1999-2003年期间国内治疗复发性口腔溃疡的论著数量较多，但高质量研究较少，本研究显示碱性成纤维细胞生长因子局部喷雾剂在缓解疼痛和促进愈合方面疗效确切，值得临床推广使用。     

中医中药治疗复发性口疮的研究现状

复发性口疮是最常见的口腔黏膜疾病,由于其病因尚不完全明确,因此临床无有效的治疗方法。本文从中医理论对复发性口疮的辨证论治、中草药及其方剂、中成药及其外用药物对复发性口疮的临床应用及研究进展作一综述。     

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牙周医学(periodontal medicine)是牙周病学的一个新学科分支,于1996年由Offenbacher提出,定义为牙周病与系统疾病的相互关系,包括系统疾病对牙周健康或牙周疾病的影响和牙周病对系统健康或疾病的影响两个方面。关于牙周病与全身疾病关系的提出可追溯到1891年     

五倍子对釉质抗酸蚀作用的实验研究

目的：观察中药五倍子对釉质抗酸蚀作用的效果。方法：采用500g/L五倍子水浸剂为实验组，去离子水为阴性对照，20g／L氟化钠为阳性对照，对60个正常离体牙釉质表面进行处理，制备人工龋模型，用硬组织切片机制备100μm原切片，通过显微放射照射系统观察测量五倍子对釉质的抗酸蚀作用效果。结果：500g／L五倍子水浸剂组较去离子水对照组脱矿少（P〈0．05），与20g／L氟化钠对照组相比无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：500g／L五倍子水浸剂可明显增强釉质抗酸蚀能力，其效果与20g／L氟化钠相当。     

明朝金属全冠及其粘接剂之成分分析

目的考察我国明朝（公元１３６８～１６４４年）的口腔修复技术，并为我国口腔医学史提供一些细节资料。方法借助目测及扫描电镜能谱分析，对江苏武进博物馆编号为０７５４／００４６的二颗馆藏明朝人类牙齿冠部的金属全冠及其粘接剂作了初步成分分析。结果考古分析表明，二牙系明朝嘉靖至万历年间（公元１５００～１６００年）遗物，均为上前牙且无牙体制备痕迹，金属全冠系锤造后焊接而成。能谱分析显示二金属冠分别含金７９３３％及８５８６％，含铜２０６７％及１４１４％，粘接剂内含锌元素。结论我国明朝已能利用高硬度铜金合金及粘接材料修复牙体缺损，表明我国明朝已有较成熟的口腔修复技术。     

国内灼口综合征抗抑郁药物治疗循证医学分析

目的:分析国内近年来抗抑郁药物治疗灼口综合征的疗效情况和研究质量.方法:检索中文科技医学期刊数据库,收集发表在1994～2007年抗抑郁药物治疗灼口综合征疗效观察的中文文献,对研究方法符合随机对照的文献进行循证医学分析.结果:共检索到16篇文章,符合纳入标准的仅为2篇,无法进行META分析.氟西汀对于心因性灼口综合征有较好的疗效.结论:目前,国内抗抑郁药物治疗灼口综合征的文献数量和质量均不能满足临床要求,需要更多高质量的研究来为抗抑郁药物治疗该病提供证据.     

人体微生物组在辅助2型糖尿病诊疗中的潜在应用

人体微生物组是指人体体表及内部的微生物的遗传信息总和,与人类健康与疾病状态存在密切关系。口腔和肠道微生物是最具多样化的微生物群落,两者可以交互影响,在疾病发生发展过程中共同发挥作用,并可以实时反映机体的健康与疾病状态。2型糖尿病是由遗传和环境因素引起的代谢紊乱,最近的研究指出微生物与糖尿病存在关联。本文结合近期的研究进展,就2型糖尿病患者口腔微生物和肠道微生物的特征进行综述,有望为探索基于微生物组特征的2型糖尿病风险预测、诊断和预后预测的疾病模型的建立提供参考依据。     

Bioengineered tissues: the science, the technology, and the industry

Authors – Ahsan T, Nerem RM Objective – The bioengineering of tissues and organs, sometimes called tissue engineering and at other times regenerative medicine, is emerging as a science, as a technology, and as an industry. The goal is the repair, replacement, and/or the regeneration of tissues and organs. The objective of this paper is to identify and discuss the major issues that have become apparent. Results – One of the critical issues is that of cell source, i.e. what will be the source of the cells to be employed? Another critical issue is the development of approaches for the fabrication of substitute tissues/organs and/or vehicles for the delivery of biological active molecules for use in the repair/regeneration of tissues. A third critical issue, one very much related to cell source, is that of immune acceptance. In addition, there are technological hurdles; there are additional issues such as the scale‐up of manufacturing processes and the preservation of living‐cell products for off‐the‐shelf availability. Although the initial products have been superficially applied skin substitutes, as this fledgling industry continues to evolve, it is beginning to focus on a wider range of more invasive and complicated products. From a public health perspective, the real opportunity may be in addressing chronic diseases, as well as the transplantation crisis (i.e. the tremendous disparity between patient need for vital organs and donor availability) and, equally important is the challenge of neural repair. Conclusion – These are the grand challenges, and the scientific community, business/private sector, and federal government must mobilize itself together in this emerging area to translate the benchtop science to the patient bedside.     

Relationship between smoking status and periodontal conditions: findings from national databases in Japan

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The association between cigarette smoking and periodontitis was examined employing two nationally representative samples of adults in Japan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were derived from the Survey of Dental Diseases (SDD) and the National Nutrition Survey (NNS) in 1999. In the SDD, periodontal conditions were evaluated by calibrated dentists utilizing the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), whereas in the NNS, participants were interviewed on the basis of smoking status by enumerators. Among 6805 records electronically linked via a household identification code, 4828 records of individuals aged 20 yr or older were analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence of periodontal disease varied significantly by smoking status (p < 0.0001): 39.3%, 49.5% and 47.3% (CPI > or = 3), and 7.9%, 11.7% and 12.4% (a more severe form of periodontitis, CPI = 4), for nonsmokers, former smokers and current smokers, respectively. In adults aged > or = 40 yr (n = 3493), logistic regression models revealed greater probabilities (approximately 1.4 times higher) of periodontitis [CPI > or = 3, odds ratio = 1.38 (1.12-1.71), p = 0.0024] and a more severe form of periodontitis [odds ratio = 1.40 (1.04-1.89), p = 0.0288] in current smokers compared with nonsmokers, following adjustment for possible confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study and other numerous reports, cigarette smoking leads to deterioration of periodontal conditions in Japanese adults.